Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand,
Parallel translations
- WEB For being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him who calls,
- KJV (For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)
- NKJV (for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls),
- NASB for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose according to His choice would stand, not because of works but because of Him who calls,
- NLT But before they were born, before they had done anything good or bad, she received a message from God. (This message shows that God chooses people according to his own purposes;
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Quick answer
God chose between Jacob and Esau before they were born or had done anything good or bad, so that election would rest on his purpose and call, not on works. Salvation flows from God's sovereign grace, not human merit.
Overview
Paul makes the point explicit: God's choice was announced before the twins were born and before they had acted, ruling out any basis in their conduct. The aim was that God's purpose according to election might stand, grounded in him who calls rather than in works. This is a cornerstone text for understanding that God's saving choice is gracious and unconditioned by human merit, while faithful Christians continue to discuss how this electing purpose relates to individuals and nations.
Cross-references & the web
Cross-references · 22
- 2 Tim 1:9He has saved us and called us to a holy calling, not because of our works, but by His own purpose and by the grace He granted us in Christ Jesus before time began.
- Eph 1:4–5For He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless in His presence. In love
- 2 Pet 1:10Therefore, brothers, strive to make your calling and election sure. For if you practice these things you will never stumble,
- Rom 8:28–30And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.
- Eph 1:9–11And He has made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Christ
- Titus 3:5He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.
- Isa 14:24The LORD of Hosts has sworn: “Surely, as I have planned, so will it be; as I have purposed, so will it stand.
- Rom 11:5–7In the same way, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace.
- 1 Pet 5:10And after you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who has called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself restore you, secure you, strengthen you, and establish you.
- 2 Th 2:13–14But we should always thank God for you, brothers who are loved by the Lord, because God has chosen you from the beginning to be saved by the sanctification of the Spirit and by faith in the truth.
- Rev 17:14They will make war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will triumph over them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and He will be accompanied by His called and chosen and faithful ones.”
- Rom 4:17As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.” He is our father in the presence of God, in whom he believed, the God who gives life to the dead and calls into being what does not yet exist.
- Isa 46:10–11I declare the end from the beginning, and ancient times from what is still to come. I say, ‘My purpose will stand, and all My good pleasure I will accomplish.’
- Ps 51:5Surely I was brought forth in iniquity; I was sinful when my mother conceived me.
- Isa 14:26–27This is the plan devised for the whole earth, and this is the hand stretched out over all the nations.
- Eph 2:9not by works, so that no one can boast.
- 1 Th 1:4Brothers who are beloved by God, we know that He has chosen you,
- Isa 23:9The LORD of Hosts planned it, to defile all its glorious beauty, to disgrace all the renowned of the earth.
- Eph 2:3All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath.
- Eph 3:11according to the eternal purpose that He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord.
- 1 Th 2:12encouraging you, comforting you, and urging you to walk in a manner worthy of God, who calls you into His own kingdom and glory.
- Jer 51:29The earth quakes and writhes because the LORD’s intentions against Babylon stand: to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant.
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Christ at the center
Paul unfolds the gospel in full: Christ our righteousness received by faith, the second Adam in whom many are made righteous, in whose death and resurrection we are buried and raised.
How Romans 9:11 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.
Original language
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