For being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him who calls,
Parallel translations
- KJV (For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)
- BSB Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand,
- NKJV (for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls),
- NASB for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose according to His choice would stand, not because of works but because of Him who calls,
- NLT But before they were born, before they had done anything good or bad, she received a message from God. (This message shows that God chooses people according to his own purposes;
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Quick answer
God chose between Jacob and Esau before they were born or had done anything good or bad, so that election would rest on his purpose and call, not on works. Salvation flows from God's sovereign grace, not human merit.
Overview
Paul makes the point explicit: God's choice was announced before the twins were born and before they had acted, ruling out any basis in their conduct. The aim was that God's purpose according to election might stand, grounded in him who calls rather than in works. This is a cornerstone text for understanding that God's saving choice is gracious and unconditioned by human merit, while faithful Christians continue to discuss how this electing purpose relates to individuals and nations.
Cross-references & the web
Cross-references · 22
- 2 Tim 1:9who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal,
- Eph 1:4–5even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and without defect before him in love;
- 2 Pet 1:10Therefore, brothers, be more diligent to make your calling and election sure. For if you do these things, you will never stumble.
- Rom 8:28–30We know that all things work together for good for those who love God, to those who are called according to his purpose.
- Eph 1:9–11making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he purposed in him
- Titus 3:5not by works of righteousness which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy, he saved us through the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit,
- Isa 14:24Yahweh of Armies has sworn, saying, “Surely, as I have thought, so shall it happen; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:
- Rom 11:5–7Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.
- 1 Pet 5:10But may the God of all grace, who called you to his eternal glory by Christ Jesus, after you have suffered a little while, perfect, establish, strengthen, and settle you.
- 2 Th 2:13–14But we are bound to always give thanks to God for you, brothers loved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning for salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief in the truth;
- Rev 17:14These will war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings, and those who are with him are called chosen and faithful.”
- Rom 4:17As it is written, “I have made you a father of many nations.” This is in the presence of him whom he believed: God, who gives life to the dead, and calls the things that are not, as though they were.
- Isa 46:10–11I declare the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are not yet done. I say: My counsel will stand, and I will do all that I please.
- Ps 51:5Behold, I was born in iniquity. In sin my mother conceived me.
- Isa 14:26–27This is the plan that is determined for the whole earth. This is the hand that is stretched out over all the nations.
- Eph 2:9not of works, that no one would boast.
- 1 Th 1:4We know, brothers loved by God, that you are chosen,
- Isa 23:9Yahweh of Armies has planned it, to stain the pride of all glory, to bring into contempt all the honorable of the earth.
- Eph 2:3among whom we also all once lived in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.
- Eph 3:11according to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord;
- 1 Th 2:12to the end that you should walk worthily of God, who calls you into his own Kingdom and glory.
- Jer 51:29The land trembles and is in pain; for the purposes of Yahweh against Babylon stand, to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant.
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Christ at the center
Paul unfolds the gospel in full: Christ our righteousness received by faith, the second Adam in whom many are made righteous, in whose death and resurrection we are buried and raised.
How Romans 9:11 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.
Original language
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