Limitless Word
There will be tribulation and distress for every soul of mankind who does evil, for the Jew first and also for the Greek,
Romans 2:9 · New American Standard Bible
Parallel translations
  • WEB oppression and anguish, on every soul of man who does evil, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
  • KJV Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;
  • BSB There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil, first for the Jew, then for the Greek;
  • NKJV tribulation and anguish, on every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek;
  • NLT There will be trouble and calamity for everyone who keeps on doing what is evil—for the Jew first and also for the Gentile.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Quick answer

Tribulation and distress will come on everyone who does evil, the Jew first and also the Greek. Judgment is impartial and falls on all, with no ethnic exemption.

Overview

Paul applies the coming judgment universally: distress and anguish for every evildoer. 'To the Jew first' reflects the principle of greater privilege bringing greater accountability, while 'also the Greek' shows Gentiles are equally liable. This dismantles any notion that covenant identity alone exempts one from judgment, advancing Paul's case that all need the gospel.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 30

  • 1 Pet 4:17For the time has come for judgment to begin with the household of God. If it begins first with us, what will happen to those who don’t obey the Good News of God?
  • Rom 1:16For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, for it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek.
  • Ezek 18:4Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul who sins, he shall die.
  • Luke 24:47and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
  • Eph 2:11–17Therefore remember that once you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called “uncircumcision” by that which is called “circumcision”, (in the flesh, made by hands);
  • Rom 15:8–9Now I say that Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision for the truth of God, that he might confirm the promises given to the fathers,
  • Acts 18:5–6But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was compelled by the Spirit, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.
  • 2 Th 1:6Since it is a righteous thing with God to repay affliction to those who afflict you,
  • Rom 2:10But glory, honor, and peace go to every man who does good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
  • Acts 13:46–47Paul and Barnabas spoke out boldly, and said, “It was necessary that God’s word should be spoken to you first. Since indeed you thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles.
  • Acts 3:26God, having raised up his servant Jesus, sent him to you first to bless you, in turning away every one of you from your wickedness.”
  • Rom 3:29–30Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn’t he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also,
  • Rom 9:24us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles?
  • Luke 12:47–48That servant, who knew his lord’s will, and didn’t prepare, nor do what he wanted, will be beaten with many stripes,
  • Col 3:11where there can’t be Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bondservant, freeman; but Christ is all, and in all.
  • Acts 13:26Brothers, children of the stock of Abraham, and those among you who fear God, the word of this salvation is sent out to you.
  • Luke 2:30–32for my eyes have seen your salvation,
  • Acts 28:17After three days Paul called together those who were the leaders of the Jews. When they had come together, he said to them, “I, brothers, though I had done nothing against the people, or the customs of our fathers, still was delivered prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans,
  • Matt 16:26For what will it profit a man, if he gains the whole world, and forfeits his life? Or what will a man give in exchange for his life?
  • Acts 11:18When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, “Then God has also granted to the Gentiles repentance to life!”
  • Gal 2:15–16“We, being Jews by nature, and not Gentile sinners,
  • Gal 3:28There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.
  • Matt 11:20–24Then he began to denounce the cities in which most of his mighty works had been done, because they didn’t repent.
  • Acts 20:21testifying both to Jews and to Greeks repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus.
  • Rom 10:12For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, and is rich to all who call on him.
  • Prov 1:27–28when calamity overtakes you like a storm, when your disaster comes on like a whirlwind; when distress and anguish come on you.
  • Acts 28:28“Be it known therefore to you, that the salvation of God is sent to the nations, and they will listen.”
  • Acts 26:20but declared first to them of Damascus, at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
  • Rom 4:9–12Is this blessing then pronounced on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say that faith was accounted to Abraham for righteousness.
  • Amos 3:2“I have only chosen you of all the families of the earth. Therefore I will punish you for all of your sins.”

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (2)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Romans videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Romans 2:9YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on RomansMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

Paul unfolds the gospel in full: Christ our righteousness received by faith, the second Adam in whom many are made righteous, in whose death and resurrection we are buried and raised.

How Romans 2:9 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.