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And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Matthew 16:18 · King James Version
Parallel translations
  • WEB I also tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
  • BSB And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
  • NKJV And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
  • NASB And I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.
  • NLT Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Contested passage — "On this rock" — Peter, the confession, or Christ?. See how the traditions read it side by side ↓

Quick answer

Jesus says he will build his church on 'this rock,' and the gates of Hades will not prevail. It matters because Christ promises to build an unconquerable church.

Overview

Jesus declares that he will build his church, and not even death's power will overcome it. Faithful Christians differ over the 'rock': some take it as Peter in his confessing role, others as the confession of Christ that Peter just made, or as Christ himself; in any case the church rests on Christ, the true foundation (1 Corinthians 3:11). The promise assures believers that Christ's church will endure against every assault. It is his church, which he himself builds and preserves.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 37

  • Eph 2:19–22Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God;
  • 1 Cor 3:9–11For we are labourers together with God: ye are God’s husbandry, ye are God’s building.
  • Isa 28:16Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.
  • Col 1:18And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.
  • Ps 125:1–2They that trust in the LORD shall be as mount Zion, which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever.
  • John 1:42And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone.
  • Acts 2:47Praising God, and having favour with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved.
  • Heb 12:28Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:
  • Heb 3:3–4For this man was counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inasmuch as he who hath builded the house hath more honour than the house.
  • John 10:27–30My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:
  • 1 Tim 3:15But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.
  • Zech 6:12–13And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD:
  • Isa 54:17No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their righteousness is of me, saith the LORD.
  • Eph 5:32This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church.
  • Prov 24:7Wisdom is too high for a fool: he openeth not his mouth in the gate.
  • Rom 8:33–39Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God’s elect? It is God that justifieth.
  • Job 38:17Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death?
  • Eph 3:10To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God,
  • Rev 21:14And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
  • Acts 8:1And Saul was consenting unto his death. And at that time there was a great persecution against the church which was at Jerusalem; and they were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judaea and Samaria, except the apostles.
  • Ps 9:13Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death:
  • Eph 5:25–27Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;
  • Gal 2:9And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the heathen, and they unto the circumcision.
  • 1 Tim 3:5(For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?)
  • Matt 18:17And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.
  • Matt 11:23And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.
  • Rev 11:15And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.
  • Ps 69:12They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards.
  • Isa 28:6And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate.
  • Gen 22:17That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;
  • Matt 10:2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;
  • Rev 21:1–4And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.
  • Isa 38:10I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years.
  • 1 Cor 15:55O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?
  • Ps 107:18Their soul abhorreth all manner of meat; and they draw near unto the gates of death.
  • 2 Sam 18:4And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do. And the king stood by the gate side, and all the people came out by hundreds and by thousands.
  • Ps 127:5Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (10)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Matthew videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Matthew 16:18YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on MatthewMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

Matthew presents Jesus as the promised King — son of David, son of Abraham — the new Moses and true Israel in whom every prophecy reaches 'that it might be fulfilled.'

How Matthew 16:18 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.

How traditions read this

What Jesus builds his church on — and whether it establishes the papacy.

Roman Catholic

The "rock" is Peter himself, given the keys; this establishes the Petrine office and, in Catholic teaching, the papacy and apostolic succession.

Key points · "You are Peter, and on this rock"; the keys of binding and loosing; the primacy of the see of Rome.

Catechism §§880–882; Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus

Eastern Orthodox

The rock is Peter's confession of Christ — and the faith shared by all the apostles. Peter has a primacy of honor, but no bishop holds universal jurisdiction.

Key points · Conciliarity; every bishop sits on Peter's chair; rejection of papal supremacy.

The Ecumenical Councils

Reformed

The rock is Peter's confession (or Christ himself); the church is built on the apostolic confession that Jesus is the Christ. The keys are the gospel, given to the whole church.

Key points · Christ the only foundation (1 Cor 3:11; Eph 2:20); no papal office; the power of the keys is the Word.

John Calvin · Westminster Confession ch. 25

Each view is stated as that tradition would put it, with representative sources. Limitless Word presents them side by side and endorses none — see the methodology.