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And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
Matthew 16:18 · New King James Version
Parallel translations
  • WEB I also tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
  • KJV And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
  • BSB And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
  • NASB And I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.
  • NLT Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Contested passage — "On this rock" — Peter, the confession, or Christ?. See how the traditions read it side by side ↓

Quick answer

Jesus says he will build his church on 'this rock,' and the gates of Hades will not prevail. It matters because Christ promises to build an unconquerable church.

Overview

Jesus declares that he will build his church, and not even death's power will overcome it. Faithful Christians differ over the 'rock': some take it as Peter in his confessing role, others as the confession of Christ that Peter just made, or as Christ himself; in any case the church rests on Christ, the true foundation (1 Corinthians 3:11). The promise assures believers that Christ's church will endure against every assault. It is his church, which he himself builds and preserves.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 37

  • Eph 2:19–22So then you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God,
  • 1 Cor 3:9–11For we are God’s fellow workers. You are God’s farming, God’s building.
  • Isa 28:16Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, “Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily.
  • Col 1:18He is the head of the body, the assembly, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.
  • Ps 125:1–2A Song of Ascents. Those who trust in Yahweh are as Mount Zion, which can’t be moved, but remains forever.
  • John 1:42He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him, and said, “You are Simon the son of Jonah. You shall be called Cephas” (which is by interpretation, Peter).
  • Acts 2:47praising God, and having favor with all the people. The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved.
  • Heb 12:28Therefore, receiving a Kingdom that can’t be shaken, let us have grace, through which we serve God acceptably, with reverence and awe,
  • Heb 3:3–4For he has been counted worthy of more glory than Moses, because he who built the house has more honor than the house.
  • John 10:27–30My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.
  • 1 Tim 3:15but if I wait long, that you may know how men ought to behave themselves in God’s house, which is the assembly of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.
  • Zech 6:12–13and speak to him, saying, ‘Yahweh of Armies says, “Behold, the man whose name is the Branch: and he shall grow up out of his place; and he shall build Yahweh’s temple;
  • Isa 54:17No weapon that is formed against you will prevail; and you will condemn every tongue that rises against you in judgment. This is the heritage of Yahweh’s servants, and their righteousness is of me,” says Yahweh.
  • Eph 5:32This mystery is great, but I speak concerning Christ and of the assembly.
  • Prov 24:7Wisdom is too high for a fool: he doesn’t open his mouth in the gate.
  • Rom 8:33–39Who could bring a charge against God’s chosen ones? It is God who justifies.
  • Job 38:17Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Or have you seen the gates of the shadow of death?
  • Eph 3:10to the intent that now through the assembly the manifold wisdom of God might be made known to the principalities and the powers in the heavenly places,
  • Rev 21:14The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb.
  • Acts 8:1Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles.
  • Ps 9:13Have mercy on me, Yahweh. See my affliction by those who hate me, and lift me up from the gates of death;
  • Eph 5:25–27Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the assembly, and gave himself up for it;
  • Gal 2:9and when they perceived the grace that was given to me, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision.
  • 1 Tim 3:5(but if a man doesn’t know how to rule his own house, how will he take care of the assembly of God?)
  • Matt 18:17If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector.
  • Matt 11:23You, Capernaum, who are exalted to heaven, you will go down to Hades. For if the mighty works had been done in Sodom which were done in you, it would have remained until today.
  • Rev 11:15The seventh angel sounded, and great voices in heaven followed, saying, “The kingdom of the world has become the Kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ. He will reign forever and ever!”
  • Ps 69:12Those who sit in the gate talk about me. I am the song of the drunkards.
  • Isa 28:6and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.
  • Gen 22:17that I will bless you greatly, and I will multiply your offspring greatly like the stars of the heavens, and like the sand which is on the seashore. Your offspring will possess the gate of his enemies.
  • Matt 10:2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;
  • Rev 21:1–4I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no more.
  • Isa 38:10I said, “In the middle of my life I go into the gates of Sheol. I am deprived of the residue of my years.”
  • 1 Cor 15:55“Death, where is your sting? Hades, where is your victory?”
  • Ps 107:18Their soul abhors all kinds of food. They draw near to the gates of death.
  • 2 Sam 18:4The king said to them, “I will do what seems best to you.” The king stood beside the gate, and all the people went out by hundreds and by thousands.
  • Ps 127:5Happy is the man who has his quiver full of them. They won’t be disappointed when they speak with their enemies in the gate.

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (10)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Matthew videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Matthew 16:18YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on MatthewMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

Matthew presents Jesus as the promised King — son of David, son of Abraham — the new Moses and true Israel in whom every prophecy reaches 'that it might be fulfilled.'

How Matthew 16:18 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.

How traditions read this

What Jesus builds his church on — and whether it establishes the papacy.

Roman Catholic

The "rock" is Peter himself, given the keys; this establishes the Petrine office and, in Catholic teaching, the papacy and apostolic succession.

Key points · "You are Peter, and on this rock"; the keys of binding and loosing; the primacy of the see of Rome.

Catechism §§880–882; Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus

Eastern Orthodox

The rock is Peter's confession of Christ — and the faith shared by all the apostles. Peter has a primacy of honor, but no bishop holds universal jurisdiction.

Key points · Conciliarity; every bishop sits on Peter's chair; rejection of papal supremacy.

The Ecumenical Councils

Reformed

The rock is Peter's confession (or Christ himself); the church is built on the apostolic confession that Jesus is the Christ. The keys are the gospel, given to the whole church.

Key points · Christ the only foundation (1 Cor 3:11; Eph 2:20); no papal office; the power of the keys is the Word.

John Calvin · Westminster Confession ch. 25

Each view is stated as that tradition would put it, with representative sources. Limitless Word presents them side by side and endorses none — see the methodology.