but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
Parallel translations
- WEB but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.”
- KJV And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
- NKJV But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”
- NASB but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and given his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.”
- NLT but I rejected his brother, Esau, and devastated his hill country. I turned Esau’s inheritance into a desert for jackals.”
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Quick answer
God's love for Jacob is contrasted with His rejection of Esau, whose land Edom He left desolate.
Overview
The phrase 'Esau I hated' is best understood as covenantal language of rejection and non-election rather than personal malice, set against the love shown to Jacob. Edom's desolation, fulfilled historically as the nation declined, demonstrates the seriousness of standing outside God's covenant favor. The verse magnifies grace: that any are loved is owing to God's choice, not human deserving, a theme the gospel brings to its fullest expression.
Cross-references & the web
Cross-references · 20
- Joel 3:19Egypt will become desolate, and Edom a desert wasteland, because of the violence done to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood.
- Obad 1:10Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and cut off forever.
- Jer 49:16–18The terror you cause and the pride of your heart have deceived you, O dwellers in the clefts of the rocks, O occupiers of the mountain summit. Though you elevate your nest like the eagle, even from there I will bring you down,” declares the LORD.
- Ezek 35:3–4and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Mount Seir. I will stretch out My hand against you and make you a desolate waste.
- Ezek 36:14–15therefore you will no longer devour men or deprive your nation of its children, declares the Lord GOD.
- Jer 51:37Babylon will become a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals, an object of horror and scorn, without inhabitant.
- Isa 34:9–14Edom’s streams will be turned to tar, and her soil to sulfur; her land will become a blazing pitch.
- Jer 49:10But I will strip Esau bare; I will uncover his hiding places, and he will be unable to conceal himself. His descendants will be destroyed along with his relatives and neighbors, and he will be no more.
- Ezek 36:9For behold, I am on your side; I will turn toward you, and you will be tilled and sown.
- Isa 13:21–22But desert creatures will lie down there, and howling creatures will fill her houses. Ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats will leap about.
- Gen 29:30–31Jacob slept with Rachel as well, and indeed, he loved Rachel more than Leah. So he worked for Laban another seven years.
- Ezek 25:13–14therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
- Ezek 36:3–4therefore prophesy and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Because they have made you desolate and have trampled you on every side, so that you became a possession of the rest of the nations and were taken up in slander by the lips of their talkers,
- Luke 14:26“If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters—yes, even his own life—he cannot be My disciple.
- Isa 35:7The parched ground will become a pool, the thirsty land springs of water. In the haunt where jackals once lay, there will be grass and reeds and papyrus.
- Obad 1:18–21Then the house of Jacob will be a blazing fire, and the house of Joseph a burning flame; but the house of Esau will be stubble—Jacob will set it ablaze and consume it. Therefore no survivor will remain from the house of Esau.” For the LORD has spoken.
- Jer 9:11“And I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.”
- Ezek 36:7Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I have sworn with an uplifted hand that surely the nations around you will endure reproach of their own.
- Ezek 35:7–8I will make Mount Seir a desolate waste and will cut off from it those who come and go.
- Deut 21:15–16If a man has two wives, one beloved and the other unloved, and both bear him sons, but the unloved wife has the firstborn son,
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Original language
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