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But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness.”
Malachi 1:3 · New King James Version
Parallel translations
  • WEB but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.”
  • KJV And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
  • BSB but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
  • NASB but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and given his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.”
  • NLT but I rejected his brother, Esau, and devastated his hill country. I turned Esau’s inheritance into a desert for jackals.”

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Quick answer

God's love for Jacob is contrasted with His rejection of Esau, whose land Edom He left desolate.

Overview

The phrase 'Esau I hated' is best understood as covenantal language of rejection and non-election rather than personal malice, set against the love shown to Jacob. Edom's desolation, fulfilled historically as the nation declined, demonstrates the seriousness of standing outside God's covenant favor. The verse magnifies grace: that any are loved is owing to God's choice, not human deserving, a theme the gospel brings to its fullest expression.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 20

  • Joel 3:19Egypt will be a desolation, and Edom will be a desolate wilderness, for the violence done to the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
  • Obad 1:10For the violence done to your brother Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will be cut off forever.
  • Jer 49:16–18As for your terror, the pride of your heart has deceived you, O you who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill, though you should make your nest as high as the eagle, I will bring you down from there,” says Yahweh.
  • Ezek 35:3–4and tell it, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Behold, I am against you, Mount Seir, and I will stretch out my hand against you, and I will make you a desolation and an astonishment.
  • Ezek 36:14–15therefore you shall devour men no more, neither bereave your nation any more, says the Lord Yahweh;
  • Jer 51:37Babylon will become heaps, a dwelling place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.
  • Isa 34:9–14Its streams will be turned into pitch, its dust into sulfur, And its land will become burning pitch.
  • Jer 49:10But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, and he will not be able to hide himself. His offspring is destroyed, with his brothers and his neighbors; and he is no more.
  • Ezek 36:9For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn into you, and you shall be tilled and sown;
  • Isa 13:21–22But wild animals of the desert will lie there, and their houses will be full of jackals. Ostriches will dwell there, and wild goats will frolic there.
  • Gen 29:30–31He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years.
  • Ezek 25:13–14therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, I will stretch out my hand on Edom, and will cut off man and animal from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; even to Dedan shall they fall by the sword.
  • Ezek 36:3–4therefore prophesy, and say, Thus says the Lord Yahweh: Because, even because they have made you desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that you might be a possession to the residue of the nations, and you are taken up in the lips of talkers, and the evil report of the people;
  • Luke 14:26“If anyone comes to me, and doesn’t disregard his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he can’t be my disciple.
  • Isa 35:7The burning sand will become a pool, and the thirsty ground springs of water. Grass with reeds and rushes will be in the habitation of jackals, where they lay.
  • Obad 1:18–21The house of Jacob will be a fire, the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble. They will burn among them, and devour them. There will not be any remaining to the house of Esau.” Indeed, Yahweh has spoken.
  • Jer 9:11“I will make Jerusalem heaps, a dwelling place of jackals. I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.”
  • Ezek 36:7therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: I have sworn, Surely the nations that are around you, they shall bear their shame.
  • Ezek 35:7–8Thus will I make Mount Seir an astonishment and a desolation; and I will cut off from it him who passes through and him who returns.
  • Deut 21:15–16If a man has two wives, the one beloved, and the other hated, and they have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son is hers who was hated;

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (4)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Malachi videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Malachi 1:3YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on MalachiMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

The messenger who prepares the way, the sun of righteousness rising with healing, and the Lord suddenly coming to his temple set the stage for the gospel that opens with John and Jesus.

How Malachi 1:3 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Hebrew word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.