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All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law.
Romans 2:12 · Berean Standard Bible
Parallel translations
  • WEB For as many as have sinned without law will also perish without the law. As many as have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.
  • KJV For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;
  • NKJV For as many as have sinned without law will also perish without law, and as many as have sinned in the law will be judged by the law
  • NASB For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law, and all who have sinned under the Law will be judged by the Law;
  • NLT When the Gentiles sin, they will be destroyed, even though they never had God’s written law. And the Jews, who do have God’s law, will be judged by that law when they fail to obey it.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Quick answer

Those who sin without the law perish without it, and those who sin under the law are judged by it. People are judged according to the light they have received.

Overview

Paul addresses how God justly judges both Gentiles (who lack the written Mosaic law) and Jews (who have it). Each is held accountable to the revelation given them; having the law is no automatic advantage if it is not kept. This shows God's justice is fitted to each person's situation, while still leaving all guilty before Him.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 22

  • 1 Cor 9:21To those without the law I became like one without the law (though I am not outside the law of God but am under the law of Christ), to win those without the law.
  • Gal 3:10All who rely on works of the law are under a curse. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”
  • Rom 2:14–16Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law.
  • Gal 2:16–19know that a man is not justified by works of the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law no one will be justified.
  • Acts 17:30–31Although God overlooked the ignorance of earlier times, He now commands all people everywhere to repent.
  • Rom 7:7–11What then shall we say? Is the law sin? Certainly not! Indeed, I would not have been mindful of sin if not for the law. For I would not have been aware of coveting if the law had not said, “Do not covet.”
  • Rom 8:3For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful man, as an offering for sin. He thus condemned sin in the flesh,
  • Matt 11:24But I tell you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than for you.”
  • Luke 10:12–15I tell you, it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town.
  • Rom 1:32Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things are worthy of death, they not only continue to do these things, but also approve of those who practice them.
  • 2 Cor 3:7–9Now if the ministry of death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with such glory that the Israelites could not gaze at the face of Moses because of its fleeting glory,
  • Luke 12:47–48That servant who knows his master’s will but does not get ready or follow his instructions will be beaten with many blows.
  • Rom 3:19–20Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God.
  • Ezek 16:49–50Now this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were arrogant, overfed, and complacent; they did not help the poor and needy.
  • Rom 1:18–21The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness.
  • Matt 11:22But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you.
  • Deut 27:26‘Cursed is he who does not put the words of this law into practice.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’
  • Rev 20:12–15And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne. And there were open books, and one of them was the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books.
  • Rom 4:15because the law brings wrath. And where there is no law, there is no transgression.
  • Jas 2:10Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.
  • John 19:11Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed Me over to you is guilty of greater sin.”
  • Gal 3:22But the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, so that by faith in Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those who believe.

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (3)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Romans videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Romans 2:12YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on RomansMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

Paul unfolds the gospel in full: Christ our righteousness received by faith, the second Adam in whom many are made righteous, in whose death and resurrection we are buried and raised.

How Romans 2:12 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.