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but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness.
Philippians 2:7 · Berean Standard Bible
Parallel translations
  • WEB but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men.
  • KJV But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
  • NKJV but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men.
  • NASB but emptied Himself by taking the form of a bond-servant and being born in the likeness of men.
  • NLT Instead, he gave up his divine privileges; he took the humble position of a slave and was born as a human being. When he appeared in human form,

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Contested passage — The kenosis — how did the Son "empty himself"?. See how the traditions read it side by side ↓

Quick answer

Instead He emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant and being made like men. The Son humbled Himself by becoming human.

Overview

The "emptying" does not mean Christ ceased to be God but that He took on the lowliness of human nature and servanthood. He genuinely became man, adding humanity rather than subtracting deity. This voluntary self-lowering is the climax of divine humility for our sake.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 30

  • 2 Cor 8:9For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, so that you through His poverty might become rich.
  • Matt 20:28just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”
  • John 1:14The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.
  • Rom 8:3For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful man, as an offering for sin. He thus condemned sin in the flesh,
  • Isa 53:2–3He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, and like a root out of dry ground. He had no stately form or majesty to attract us, no beauty that we should desire Him.
  • Gal 4:4But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,
  • Rom 15:3For even Christ did not please Himself, but as it is written: “The insults of those who insult You have fallen on Me.”
  • Heb 4:15For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who was tempted in every way that we are, yet was without sin.
  • Isa 53:11After the anguish of His soul, He will see the light of life and be satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant will justify many, and He will bear their iniquities.
  • Mark 10:44–45and whoever wants to be first must be the slave of all.
  • Heb 12:2Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.
  • Luke 22:27For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves.
  • Isa 50:5–6The Lord GOD has opened My ears, and I have not been rebellious, nor have I turned back.
  • Phil 2:6Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped,
  • Isa 52:13–14Behold, My Servant will prosper; He will be raised and lifted up and highly exalted.
  • Heb 2:9–18But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, now crowned with glory and honor because He suffered death, so that by the grace of God He might taste death for everyone.
  • Isa 42:1“Here is My Servant, whom I uphold, My Chosen One, in whom My soul delights. I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will bring justice to the nations.
  • Rom 15:8For I tell you that Christ has become a servant of the circumcised on behalf of God’s truth, to confirm the promises made to the patriarchs,
  • Zech 9:9Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.
  • Ps 22:6But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by men and despised by the people.
  • John 13:3–14Jesus knew that the Father had delivered all things into His hands, and that He had come from God and was returning to God.
  • Mark 9:12He replied, “Elijah does indeed come first, and he restores all things. Why then is it written that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected?
  • Matt 12:18“Here is My Servant, whom I have chosen, My beloved, in whom My soul delights. I will put My Spirit on Him, and He will proclaim justice to the nations.
  • Isa 49:6–7He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the protected ones of Israel. I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.”
  • Rom 1:3regarding His Son, who was a descendant of David according to the flesh,
  • Heb 13:3Remember those in prison as if you were bound with them, and those who are mistreated as if you were suffering with them.
  • Ezek 34:23–24I will appoint over them one shepherd, My servant David, and he will feed them. He will feed them and be their shepherd.
  • Dan 9:26Then after the sixty-two weeks the Messiah will be cut off and will have nothing. Then the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood, and until the end there will be war; desolations have been decreed.
  • Zech 3:8Hear now, O high priest Joshua, you and your companions seated before you, who are indeed a sign. For behold, I am going to bring My servant, the Branch.
  • Isa 49:3He said to Me, “You are My Servant, Israel, in whom I will display My glory.”

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (2)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — Philippians videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on Philippians 2:7YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on PhilippiansMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

The one who, being in the form of God, emptied himself to the point of death on a cross and was exalted to the name above every name — the joy and prize of the believer.

How Philippians 2:7 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.

How traditions read this

What Christ set aside in becoming man.

Functional kenosis

In becoming man the Son did not give up any divine attribute; he "emptied himself" by veiling his glory and refusing to wield his powers independently of the Father. Deity was fully present but restrained.

Key points · No attribute surrendered; glory veiled; powers used only as the Father willed.

Hilary of Poitiers; John Calvin; William Lane Craig

Ontological kenosis

The Son actually set aside the independent exercise of certain non-essential divine prerogatives (such as omnipresence or independent omniscience) for the span of his earthly ministry, without ceasing to be God. The stronger form — that he gave up deity itself — is rejected by all sides as incompatible with biblical theism.

Key points · Non-essential attributes laid aside in the incarnation; full deity retained; "strong" kenoticism rejected.

Gottfried Thomasius; Stephen Davis; C. Stephen Evans · St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology

Each view is stated as that tradition would put it, with representative sources. Limitless Word presents them side by side and endorses none — see the methodology.