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Then they *brought Jesus from Caiaphas into the Praetorium, and it was early; and they themselves did not enter the Praetorium, so that they would not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
John 18:28 · New American Standard Bible
Parallel translations
  • WEB They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
  • KJV Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
  • BSB Then they led Jesus away from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. By now it was early morning, and the Jews did not enter the Praetorium, to avoid being defiled and unable to eat the Passover.
  • NKJV Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas to the Praetorium, and it was early morning. But they themselves did not go into the Praetorium, lest they should be defiled, but that they might eat the Passover.
  • NLT Jesus’ trial before Caiaphas ended in the early hours of the morning. Then he was taken to the headquarters of the Roman governor. His accusers didn’t go inside because it would defile them, and they wouldn’t be allowed to celebrate the Passover.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Quick answer

Jesus is led from Caiaphas to the Praetorium early in the morning, while his accusers avoid entering to stay ceremonially clean for the Passover. Their concern for ritual purity masks deep injustice.

Overview

The leaders scruple to avoid defilement that would bar them from the Passover, yet they are engineering the death of the innocent Son of God. John highlights this tragic irony: meticulous about ceremony, blind to the gravest sin. The timing near Passover frames Jesus as the true Passover Lamb, about to be sacrificed for his people.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 28

  • John 18:33Pilate therefore entered again into the Praetorium, called Jesus, and said to him, “Are you the King of the Jews?”
  • John 19:9He entered into the Praetorium again, and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.
  • John 19:14Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, at about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, “Behold, your King!”
  • Mark 15:1–5Immediately in the morning the chief priests, with the elders and scribes, and the whole council, held a consultation, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him up to Pilate.
  • Matt 27:27Then the governor’s soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium, and gathered the whole garrison together against him.
  • Acts 3:13The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his Servant Jesus, whom you delivered up, and denied in the presence of Pilate, when he had determined to release him.
  • John 11:55Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand. Many went up from the country to Jerusalem before the Passover, to purify themselves.
  • Isa 1:10–15Hear Yahweh’s word, you rulers of Sodom! Listen to the law of our God, you people of Gomorrah!
  • Luke 23:1–5The whole company of them rose up and brought him before Pilate.
  • Matt 27:1–10Now when morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death:
  • Acts 11:3saying, “You went in to uncircumcised men, and ate with them!”
  • Mic 2:1Woe to those who devise iniquity and work evil on their beds! When the morning is light, they practice it, because it is in the power of their hand.
  • Jer 7:8–11Behold, you trust in lying words, that can’t profit.
  • John 18:39But you have a custom, that I should release someone to you at the Passover. Therefore do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?”
  • Acts 10:28He said to them, “You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn’t call any man unholy or unclean.
  • Deut 16:2You shall sacrifice the Passover to Yahweh your God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which Yahweh shall choose, to cause his name to dwell there.
  • Amos 5:21–23I hate, I despise your feasts, and I can’t stand your solemn assemblies.
  • Luke 22:66As soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away into their council, saying,
  • 2 Chr 35:17–18The children of Israel who were present kept the Passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days.
  • 2 Chr 30:21–24The children of Israel who were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness. The Levites and the priests praised Yahweh day by day, singing with loud instruments to Yahweh.
  • Mark 15:16The soldiers led him away within the court, which is the Praetorium; and they called together the whole cohort.
  • 2 Chr 35:8–14His princes gave for a freewill offering to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the rulers of God’s house, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand six hundred small livestock, and three hundred head of cattle.
  • Prov 4:16For they don’t sleep, unless they do evil. Their sleep is taken away, unless they make someone fall.
  • Matt 23:23–28“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. But you ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone.
  • Mic 3:10–12They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity.
  • Ps 35:16Like the profane mockers in feasts, they gnashed their teeth at me.
  • Prov 1:16for their feet run to evil. They hurry to shed blood.
  • Ezek 45:21In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the month, you shall have the Passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (7)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — John videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on John 18:28YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on JohnMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

John declares him plainly: the eternal Word made flesh, the Lamb of God, the great 'I AM' — bread, light, door, shepherd, way, truth, life, resurrection — that you may believe and have life in his name.

How John 18:28 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.