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Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.
John 18:28 · King James Version
Parallel translations
  • WEB They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
  • BSB Then they led Jesus away from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. By now it was early morning, and the Jews did not enter the Praetorium, to avoid being defiled and unable to eat the Passover.
  • NKJV Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas to the Praetorium, and it was early morning. But they themselves did not go into the Praetorium, lest they should be defiled, but that they might eat the Passover.
  • NASB Then they *brought Jesus from Caiaphas into the Praetorium, and it was early; and they themselves did not enter the Praetorium, so that they would not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
  • NLT Jesus’ trial before Caiaphas ended in the early hours of the morning. Then he was taken to the headquarters of the Roman governor. His accusers didn’t go inside because it would defile them, and they wouldn’t be allowed to celebrate the Passover.

Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

Quick answer

Jesus is led from Caiaphas to the Praetorium early in the morning, while his accusers avoid entering to stay ceremonially clean for the Passover. Their concern for ritual purity masks deep injustice.

Overview

The leaders scruple to avoid defilement that would bar them from the Passover, yet they are engineering the death of the innocent Son of God. John highlights this tragic irony: meticulous about ceremony, blind to the gravest sin. The timing near Passover frames Jesus as the true Passover Lamb, about to be sacrificed for his people.

Cross-references & the web

Cross-references · 28

  • John 18:33Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?
  • John 19:9And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
  • John 19:14And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!
  • Mark 15:1–5And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and bound Jesus, and carried him away, and delivered him to Pilate.
  • Matt 27:27Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers.
  • Acts 3:13The God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, the God of our fathers, hath glorified his Son Jesus; whom ye delivered up, and denied him in the presence of Pilate, when he was determined to let him go.
  • John 11:55And the Jews’ passover was nigh at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves.
  • Isa 1:10–15Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.
  • Luke 23:1–5And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.
  • Matt 27:1–10When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death:
  • Acts 11:3Saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them.
  • Mic 2:1Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.
  • Jer 7:8–11Behold, ye trust in lying words, that cannot profit.
  • John 18:39But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?
  • Acts 10:28And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.
  • Deut 16:2Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall choose to place his name there.
  • Amos 5:21–23I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies.
  • Luke 22:66And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their council, saying,
  • 2 Chr 35:17–18And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days.
  • 2 Chr 30:21–24And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD.
  • Mark 15:16And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Praetorium; and they call together the whole band.
  • 2 Chr 35:8–14And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred small cattle, and three hundred oxen.
  • Prov 4:16For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall.
  • Matt 23:23–28Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
  • Mic 3:10–12They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity.
  • Ps 35:16With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
  • Prov 1:16For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.
  • Ezek 45:21In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the month, ye shall have the passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.

Themes, concepts, people & topics

Topics (7)

Resources, by level

Commentaries & study tools

  • VideoBibleProject — John videosBibleProject · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Free animated overview and word-study videos for this book.

  • VideoWatch teaching on John 18:28YouTube · Lay · Free

    Sermons and teaching on this passage from across YouTube.

  • CommentaryEnduring Word — verse-by-verseDavid Guzik · Lay · Free · evangelical

    Clear, readable, conservative exposition — the best free place to start on any passage.

  • CommentaryClassic commentaries for this verseBibleHub (20+ works) · Pastoral · Free

    Matthew Henry, Barnes, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Ellicott, Cambridge, and more — stacked on one page for this exact verse.

  • CommentaryMatthew Henry on JohnMatthew Henry · Pastoral · Free · evangelical

    The beloved Puritan exposition of this whole book — warm, devotional, and verse by verse (free, CCEL).

  • ReferenceInterlinear, lexicon & Strong'sBlue Letter Bible · Seminary · Free

    Hebrew/Greek interlinear, word definitions, and cross-references for this verse.

Christ at the center

John declares him plainly: the eternal Word made flesh, the Lamb of God, the great 'I AM' — bread, light, door, shepherd, way, truth, life, resurrection — that you may believe and have life in his name.

How John 18:28 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.

Original language

Each word below is tagged with its Strong’s number — tap one to see the underlying Greek word, its meaning, and every verse that uses it.