You make vows and break them; you kill and steal and commit adultery. There is violence everywhere— one murder after another.
Parallel translations
- WEB There is cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break boundaries, and bloodshed causes bloodshed.
- KJV By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood.
- BSB Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.
- NKJV By swearing and lying, Killing and stealing and committing adultery, They break all restraint, With bloodshed upon bloodshed.
- NASB There is oath-taking, denial, murder, stealing, and adultery. They employ violence, so that bloodshed follows bloodshed.
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Quick answer
God lists the rampant sins of the land: swearing, lying, murder, theft, adultery, and escalating bloodshed. The collapse of the knowledge of God yields a flood of wickedness.
Overview
The catalog echoes the commandments of the Decalogue, showing that Israel has broken God's law across the board. 'Bloodshed causes bloodshed' pictures violence multiplying out of control once moral restraint is gone. The verse demonstrates that when a people abandon the knowledge of God, social and moral disintegration inevitably follows, confirming the indictment of the previous verse.
Cross-references & the web
Cross-references · 32
- Hos 6:9As gangs of robbers wait to ambush a man, so the company of priests murder on the path toward Shechem, committing shameful crimes.
- Jer 6:7As a well produces its waters, so she produces her wickedness: violence and destruction is heard in her; before me continually is sickness and wounds.
- Mic 7:2The godly man has perished out of the earth, and there is no one upright among men. They all lie in wait for blood; every man hunts his brother with a net.
- 1 Th 2:15who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drove us out, and didn’t please God, and are contrary to all men;
- Jer 5:7–9“How can I pardon you? Your children have forsaken me, and sworn by what are no gods. When I had fed them to the full, they committed adultery, and assembled themselves in troops at the prostitutes’ houses.
- Jer 5:26–27For among my people are found wicked men. They watch, as fowlers lie in wait. They set a trap. They catch men.
- Hos 7:1When I would heal Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim is uncovered, also the wickedness of Samaria; for they commit falsehood, and the thief enters in, and the gang of robbers ravages outside.
- Jer 7:6–10if you don’t oppress the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow, and don’t shed innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your own hurt:
- Rev 17:6I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her, I wondered with great amazement.
- Hos 12:14Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger. Therefore his blood will be left on him, and his Lord will repay his contempt.
- Mic 3:9Please listen to this, you heads of the house of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel, who abhor justice, and pervert all equity.
- Isa 48:1“Hear this, house of Jacob, you who are called by the name of Israel, and have come out of the waters of Judah. You swear by Yahweh’s name, and make mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth, nor in righteousness
- Jer 23:10–14For the land is full of adulterers; for because of the curse the land mourns. The pastures of the wilderness are dried up. Their course is evil, and their might is not right;
- Isa 24:5The earth also is polluted under its inhabitants, because they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, and broken the everlasting covenant.
- Ezek 22:25–30There is a conspiracy of her prophets within it, like a roaring lion ravening the prey. They have devoured souls. They take treasure and precious things. They have made her widows many within it.
- Acts 7:52Which of the prophets didn’t your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers.
- Jer 9:2–8Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! For they are all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men.
- Mic 6:10Are there yet treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and a short ephah that is accursed?
- Isa 59:12–15For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:
- Hos 7:3They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes with their lies.
- Zeph 3:1Woe to her who is rebellious and polluted, the oppressing city!
- Lam 4:13It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, That have shed the blood of the just in the middle of her.
- Jer 5:1–2“Run back and forth through the streets of Jerusalem, and see now, and know, and seek in its wide places, if you can find a man, if there are any who does justly, who seeks truth; and I will pardon her.
- Zech 7:9“Thus has Yahweh of Armies spoken, saying, ‘Execute true judgment, and show kindness and compassion every man to his brother.
- Ezek 22:2–13“You, son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the bloody city? Then cause her to know all her abominations.
- Zech 5:3Then he said to me, “This is the curse that goes out over the surface of the whole land; for everyone who steals shall be cut off according to it on the one side; and everyone who swears falsely shall be cut off according to it on the other side.
- Hos 10:4They make promises, swearing falsely in making covenants. Therefore judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of the field.
- Mic 3:2You who hate the good, and love the evil; who tear off their skin, and their flesh from off their bones;
- Isa 59:2–8But your iniquities have separated you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you, so that he will not hear.
- Hos 5:2The rebels are deep in slaughter; but I discipline all of them.
- Matt 23:35that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.
- Mic 2:1–3Woe to those who devise iniquity and work evil on their beds! When the morning is light, they practice it, because it is in the power of their hand.
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Christ at the center
God's relentless love for an unfaithful bride dramatizes the gospel: 'Out of Egypt I called my son' is fulfilled in Jesus, who redeems an adulterous people at his own cost.
How Hosea 4:2 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.
Original language
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