For I knew that you are stubborn; your neck is iron and your forehead is bronze.
Parallel translations
- WEB Because I knew that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew, and your brow brass;
- KJV Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;
- NKJV Because I knew that you were obstinate, And your neck was an iron sinew, And your brow bronze,
- NASB “Because I know that you are obstinate, And your neck is an iron tendon And your forehead bronze,
- NLT For I know how stubborn and obstinate you are. Your necks are as unbending as iron. Your heads are as hard as bronze.
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations taken from the (NASB®) New American Standard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. All rights reserved. lockman.org
Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Quick answer
God foretold things because he knew Israel was obstinate — stubborn as iron and brass. He revealed his plans to overcome their hard hearts.
Overview
Yahweh explains his motive for advance prophecy: he knew his people were stubborn, their necks iron sinew and brows bronze. Predictive prophecy was a remedy for their hardness, leaving them no excuse to credit idols. The verse exposes the human heart's stubbornness, which only God's grace can soften.
Cross-references & the web
Cross-references · 24
- Acts 7:51You stiff-necked people with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit, just as your fathers did.
- Exod 32:9The LORD also said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people.
- Zech 7:11–12But they refused to pay attention and turned a stubborn shoulder; they stopped up their ears from hearing.
- Prov 29:1A man who remains stiff-necked after much reproof will suddenly be shattered beyond recovery.
- Rom 2:5But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed.
- Ezek 3:4–9Then He said to me, “Son of man, go now to the house of Israel and speak My words to them.
- Jer 5:3O LORD, do not Your eyes look for truth? You struck them, but they felt no pain. You finished them off, but they refused to accept discipline. They have made their faces harder than stone and refused to repent.
- Jer 19:15“This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I am about to bring on this city and on all the villages around it every disaster I have pronounced against them, because they have stiffened their necks so as not to heed My words.’”
- Deut 31:27For I know how rebellious and stiff-necked you are. If you are already rebelling against the LORD while I am still alive, how much more will you rebel after my death!
- Exod 33:5For the LORD had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I should go with you for a single moment, I would destroy you. Now take off your jewelry, and I will decide what to do with you.’”
- Exod 33:3Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked people; otherwise, I might destroy you on the way.”
- Ps 75:5Do not lift up your horn against heaven or speak with an outstretched neck.’”
- Ps 78:8Then they will not be like their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, whose heart was not loyal, whose spirit was not faithful to God.
- 2 Chr 36:13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.
- Isa 46:12Listen to Me, you stubborn people, far removed from righteousness:
- 2 Kgs 17:14But they would not listen, and they stiffened their necks like their fathers, who did not believe the LORD their God.
- Jer 7:26Yet they would not listen to Me or incline their ear, but they stiffened their necks and did more evil than their fathers.
- Jer 3:3Therefore the showers have been withheld, and no spring rains have fallen. Yet you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to be ashamed.
- 2 Chr 30:8Now do not stiffen your necks as your fathers did. Submit to the LORD and come to His sanctuary, which He has consecrated forever. Serve the LORD your God, so that His fierce anger will turn away from you.
- Deut 10:16Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more.
- Heb 3:13But exhort one another daily, as long as it is called today, so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness.
- Dan 5:20But when his heart became arrogant and his spirit was hardened with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne, and his glory was taken from him.
- Neh 9:16–17But they and our fathers became arrogant and stiff-necked and did not obey Your commandments.
- Neh 9:28But as soon as they had rest, they again did evil in Your sight. So You abandoned them to the hands of their enemies, who had dominion over them. When they cried out to You again, You heard from heaven, and You delivered them many times in Your compassion.
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Christ at the center
Isaiah sees him most clearly: the virgin's son Immanuel, the child on David's throne, the shoot from Jesse, the light to the nations, and above all the Suffering Servant pierced for our transgressions (ch. 53).
How Isaiah 48:4 points to him is part of the one story that runs through all Scripture — meet Jesus at the heart of the web, or follow a trail that traces him from Genesis to Revelation.
Original language
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